Q&A Birding in the Area

Q. I’m new to birding and to the area, what could I expect to see around here and at my feeders throughout fall and winter?

A. This is a prime time to be seeing increased numbers of the regular birds and even spot a rarity or two. Birds are on the move for a few reasons, some are migrating south, but this time of year there is also a “reverse” migration: that is some birds that don’t usually come into our range will head north and hang around a while before leaving for their wintering grounds.

Another phenomenon is post breeding dispersal which is natures way of preventing inbreeding, some of these species may overshoot their normal range and show up in your back yard.

And still others will be showing up in greater numbers now that the stress of nesting and defending territory has passed, and don’t forget all those first year birds. We are seeing chickadees in greater numbers, they’ve let down their guard and are traveling in loose flocks in search of food.

Chickadees are known for their food finding abilities and it’s not just ornithologists who’ve noticed this, other birds have caught on too. Migrating and local birds will seek out and follow chickadee flocks and cash in on their skills.

So if you’re out birding or in the backyard and hear chickadees, take a moment to check out every bird, Boreal Chickadee, nuthatches, woodpeckers, creepers, warblers, kinglets and vireos hang out in these chickadee flocks.

Some birders will “pish” or even play a tape of chickadees mobbing a Saw-whet Owl

to attract chickadees then sit back and watch for what else might come to investigate what they’re scolding.

There are some finch on the move, I’ve already been hearing and seeing Evening Grosbeaks (they’re part of the finch family) around Albert County, Purple Finch are showing up along with some American Goldfinch and Pine Siskins. The Winter Finch Forecast for 2010-2011 predicts a Common Redpoll invasion, I’m sure they put a lot of science to work to come up with this, but redpolls usually follow the every-other-year visiting schedule, so that’s no surprise. Redpolls eat the seeds from white birch which had a poor crop in the north this year, that means they’ll likely be coming south to enjoy our wild seeds and to take advantage of our nyjer and black oil sunflower feeders.

The Downy and Hairy Woodpecker are two common visitors but we may have five or more other species around and possibly even coming to suet. The Pileated Woodpecker is common; depending on where you live, once you learn it’s call and drum you might be noticing it every day. The American Three-toed Woodpecker and Black-backed Woodpecker are around in winter but unlikely to show up at feeder yards. The odd Northern Flicker stays for the winter, and every now and then we have a mini invasion of the Red-bellied Woodpecker and even more rare and more mini (or is it minier?) invasion of the Red-headed Woodpecker. When these last two occur they do come to feeders, enjoying a bit of everything…. sunflower, peanuts and suet.

Right now we have a very friendly White-breasted Nuthatch and a secretive but predictable Brown Creeper. I smear peanut butter on the side of his favourite tree and he likes raw suet, so when I hear him I know where to look.

I’m anxiously waiting for one of my most anticipated visitors of the fall, the Gray Jays should be showing up soon to begin storing food for the winter. They follow me around the yard because they know I have a bag of peanuts or small cubes of peanut butter suet in my pocket. I haven’t tried to hand feed them, but I’m sure I could. They often land on things I’m holding, like branches or lengths of steel I’m painting.

A few of the summer sparrows may hang around in winter and maybe even a rarity will show up, but the most common winter sparrow is the American Tree Sparrow, they’ll be feeding along side Dark-eyed Junco and if you’re lucky Snow Buntings.

I’m sure I missed lots of birds, drop me a line to tell me what you are seeing or what you’ve seen in previous late fall, early winter seasons.

Q. I walk along the river with my small dog and I have cats, should I be worried about the eagles?

A. I too have a small dog and I never give it a second thought. I watch eagles cruise up and down the shore line and in 18 years have never had an eagle even take a second look at my dog(s). I have heard stories, questions and concerns but haven’t found any evidence of hawks, owls or eagles taking small pets. It’s usually cats that I hear about, I was at a presentation by a New Brunswicker who studies and bands birds of prey. He said he often saw left over skeletons in nests and kept track of what each species was hunting. When I asked if he’d ever seen a cat in any of the nests, he seemed surprised by the question but said he never did.

I hear the concern often, and it’s increasing. If a cat disappears it’s very unlikely an eagle, it’s much more likely that it was hit by car or coyotes caught it (especially if it disappeared over night).

I know I’ll hear from people who saw an eagle with a dead cat, or who know someone, who was talking to someone, whose cousin’s half sister saw a cat collar hanging out of an eagles nest. If that happened, I’d love to see a picture, but I’d be more inclined to believe it was picked up as road kill, that’s what eagles do.

New Website for Bird Enthusiasts

Last week was the launch of a new birding site called Birding New Brunswick, at BirdingNewBrunswick.ning.com. It’s a social network for bird enthusiasts. You can post pictures, video, ask the group questions, promote your favourite birding area, blog, post nature related events, chat and report sightings. You are automatically given your own page, with photo album, blog postings and more.

If your Facebook friends are saying, "enough with the birds already", sign up, nobody in this group will complain. I think a site like this is needed to get (and keep) young people involved. When I mentioned this to one geezer he said, “Social networking? Nobody will ever do that.” I said, “Come on Dad, get with the times.” (He doesn’t read my column either.) Sixty years from now, I want the guy changing my diaper to be interested enough in birds to fill the window feeder for me.

Oh yes, it's free, no gimmick that I can tell and there are no advertisements, so I’m not constantly reminded of my “shortcomings”.

I’m a member of a very similar site from the States called WeLoveBirds, this was a spin off of from one of the subscriptions I bought when I was researching hummingbird nectar. It was started by the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, it was fun to go on and check out the question and answer section, many consist of a photo and the question, “What bird is this?” It’s a good challenge to see how many you can answer, but the problem is the site is for all of the States and a lot of the questions were coming from the west, birds that I’ve never seen and know nothing about. So when I saw a similar site for New Brunswick I was quite excited, then the first question came across and it was a picture of ducks taken in North Carolina. Oh well, I’m sure that will change soon.

There’s already one special interest group, the NB ODONATA GROUP, for members with a special interest in dragonflies and damselflies. If you have any questions or pictures it’s a great opportunity to ask Denis Doucet, one of the provinces leading authorities on the subject has volunteered to edit the blog and field questions.

BirdingNewBrunswick should turn up some interesting sightings, I know since I started this column there have been a few firsts that were sent to me that may have gone unreported otherwise. For example the first Laughing Gull at Cape Enrage or the first nesting Peregrine Falcons on the Assumption Building in Moncton. (Both are pictured and discussed already on BirdingNewBrunswick.) That’s the thing, you never know what will be turned up next, in the age where everyone has a camera on them all the time. You may have a picture of a Starling or it may be a first for the province.

So instead of surfing around the US site I’ll be spending my time checking out the beautiful pictures that were taken in my own province, at least I recognize most of the bird pictures. Dragons and damsels interest me, especially the pictures, but I can identify only about 4 of our species so far.

That’s the thing about birds, they seem to be the universal draw, I started hanging out with other bird people who also had and interest in dragonflies, butterfllies, wild flowers, mushrooms and more. We all came for the birds (at least I did), but others would be pointing out other interesting aspects of nature, eventually it starts to rub off. If I live to be very old, I may become a well rounded naturalist.

I picked up a little about mushrooms, there are still only 3 species that I will pick and eat. But, this is shaggy mane season and one of my all time favourite meals is “Cream of Shaggy” soup. I can’t stress enough the importance of knowing what you’re doing. You can’t go to a half hour presentation, pick a mushroom and say, “Yeah, that looks like the one.” You’ve heard the expression, “A little knowledge is a dangerous thing”, well that was coined by a liver transplant surgeon after a guy ate the wrong mushroom.

OK, you caught me, the saying was around before they were doing liver transplants, but you get the point.

Once you’ve done all the tests and your sure you have shaggy manes, pick them before they open, after they open the spores will blacken you soup, I still eat it but it doesn’t look as good. Dice and cook the mushrooms with garlic and onions, add them to diced cooked potatoes, I leave the potato water for thickener, it drives my mother nuts but it works. Then add cream, the good stuff, at least 18% fat. You can add corn if you like, once I dumped in a bottle of bar clams. It’s quick and delicious.

I love feeding this to the in-laws, while I’m cooking it I make comments like, “This one doesn’t look like the rest.” or “No dear, I don’t think that’s the destroying angle.” When you call them to the table, don’t touch your spoon, leave your hand folded on your lap, give them your best evil smile and tell them to go ahead and try it. I guarantee, nobody’s touching that soup until you take a bite.

A Little on Photography

First, I’d like to say that you could write books on what I don’t know about photography. But, if you’re trying to get decent frame filling pictures of birds and don’t have the budget for (or strength to carry) one of those great big honking lenses that look like they’re made for astronomy, you could consider a blind.

A blind can be made of almost anything, it’s a good idea to make it at least big enough to sit up on a small camp stool and have various openings for camera lenses and viewing. It can be portable or fixed, blinds made for hunting can be bought rather inexpensively but you do get what you pay for. Ice fishing tents are favored by some professional photographers because they have a little more room and are usually better built. You’d be surprised how warm and comfortable a fridge box is and you can easily cut flaps for your camera. You want to leave the floor in place so your weight will keep it from blowing away, but if you cut leg holes and make two handles, you can poke your legs out pick up the box and move to a better location without getting out of the “blind”. If you neighbours ask what to heck that was all about, blame it on the kids, after all one man’s fort is another man’s blind.

My all time favorite blind is called the Forester, it’s very portable, comfortably seats 4 birders, with individual roll down camera hatches and has room for all their gear. It can be made bug proof with some duct tape (you can even get camo now) and mosquito netting. Depending on the age and model it may have working heaters and air conditioner.

You can pick one up at the local Subaru dealer, classified adds or junk yard, depending on your budget.

Seriously though, what could be better than your vehicle? Did you ever pull up to a marsh and see a Great Blue Heron a few yards away? They tend to stay put, that is until you open up the trunk to get your portable blind out. I like the Forester for the all-wheel-drive feature, if your going to be driving around your yard from feeder to feeder you don’t want to get stuck, that makes a mess...you’ll have to get towed out, if you’re married you’ll have to fill in the ruts and match up sod before 5 o’clock. If your single, you might just make the switch from a portable to a stationary blind, the conversion kit’s cheap enough, 4 to 8 cement blocks.

If your lens is too powerful to hand hold or you just want to leave it trained on a feeder until something happens, you can pick up a car window mount for a tripod head, these are also used for spotting scopes. You just roll the window down part way and a special C-type clamp screws securely to the glass. There are cheap ones, but if you already have a tripod that you like, I suggest buying just the clamp and using the head from your tripod, it’s likely to be better than the head that’s attached to the low end car window mount. Down the road, the best set up would be a tripod with a quick release plates that attach to your scope and/or camera and a head on the car window mount that accepts the same quick release plate. This way you can go from one to the other with a flick of a switch.

My goal is a stationary blind/gazebo, I even started on quite a while ago and one of these days I’ll get it finished. The key for you married folks is to not mention the blind aspect of the structure, just say you’re building a little getaway to have a cup of coffee or glass of wine, out of the sun and mosquitoes, I even plan on putting in one of those chess board tables. Mine’s small for a gazebo but luxurious for a blind, I have a solid wall facing north, I tell my wife that’s to break the coldest wind, but I’ll cut camera hatches in it so I won’t be shooting into the sun. The south side will be open and screened in, the east and west walls will have camera hatches, just in case.

Then I’ll set up a few feeders within good shooting range, place some interesting perching sites out of gnarly old wood and drill some holes in the side of dead trees for suet to draw birds in close and still have a natural looking setting.

Where I keep slipping up is when I say I want to plant a shrub here or put up a trellis there for the “approach”, if I see a good bird at the feeder, I want to be able to get in the blind without scaring it away. She keeps wondering why I want to sneak up on our little romantic getaway.

Please remember to always put the bird ahead of the picture, if you’re shooting at a feeder, it’s no big deal if the birds get a little shy for a while. If you want to get pictures of nestlings, it’s crucial that the birds aren’t disturbed. If the parents are away from the nestlings for even a short time could mean the difference between success and failure of the nest. Also, be considerate of birds during other periods of high stress, for example during extreme cold weather in winter, owls may be out hunting in daylight. It’s very tempting to try to get a picture of these magnificent birds, but if you’re chasing the bird around to get a picture, he is unable to hunt, a few unsuccessful attempts at prey could make the difference between getting through the winter or not.

Just exercise a little common sense, if the birds are being unduly disturbed, back off, and if you get some good shots, send them along and share them on our on-line photo album.

Quiz Answers

Thanks to all who sent in their answers, it was fun for me too. I’ll tally up scores, draw winners in each of the three categories and announce winners in the next column.

Here are the answers to the quiz.

True or False:

1. If you want to attract small birds you should feed small seed.

FALSE, chickadees eat peanuts, pigeons eat millet.

2. It takes 36 hours in your birdbath for mosquito eggs can hatch into adults.

FALSE, it takes around 10 days to go from egg to larvae to pupae to adult. A well maintained bird bath would not be a breeding ground for mosquitoes.

3. Great-crested Flycatchers, Blue Jays, and Hairy Woodpeckers all use the same size bird house.

FALSE, Blue Jays don’t use bird houses. I didn’t think this was that tricky of a question, but only about ⅔ got it right.

4. 7x50 binoculars are 15 times more powerful than 7x35.

FALSE, they are exactly the same power but the 7x50 have objective lenses 15 millimeters larger than the 7x35. They will let in more light but objects will appear 7 times closer in each pair.

5. Chickadee, nuthatch, jays, woodpeckers and blackbirds are attracted to peanuts. TRUE, both of our chickadees, both of our nuthatch, both of our jays and most if not all of our blackbirds would list peanuts in their top 3 favourite foods.

6. A Bald Eagle is bigger than a Golden Eagle.

TRUE, if you saw a brown eagle that was larger than the nearby Bald Eagles, it is almost certainly an immature Bald Eagle because Golden Eagles are actually smaller. Some hard core birders pointed out that the Golden, although smaller is heavier, but since most of us aren’t ever going to be weighing eagles, the judges ruled the answer is “TRUE”.

7. It’s impossible to keep squirrels off your feeders.

FALSE, and it’s easy, tall pole at least 10 feet away from any launching pad with a baffle part way up the pole.

8. A nesting colony of Chimney Swifts may have 20 nests or more per chimney.

FALSE, this is one that I haven’t written about, I was searching for ideas when I read on Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s web site that only one swift will nest per chimney, they will allow other swifts to roost. This confuses people watching from the ground. I thought, “I did not know that.” So I put it in the quiz.

If you knew this without enlisting the help of Professor Google, reach around and give yourself a pat on the back, not many got it right.

9. To save money, mix white millet in with the nyjer seed, finch love it and it won’t attract pigeons.

FALSE, even though it’s a part of most of the finch mixes you buy, finch don’t eat millet, it’s a cheap filler that ends up on the ground where pigeons are waiting with open beaks.

10. Hummingbird nectar has to be dyed red.

FALSE, I think everyone got this right.

11. When it’s time for hummingbirds to migrate south, they pick a day when conditions are right and fly nonstop to South America.

FALSE, hummingbirds take there time migrating, feeding as they go. People in the southern states only put feeders out in spring and fall. Plus, almost all of our hummingbirds overwinter in Mexico or Central America.

12. Plastic owls will scare pigeons away from feeders but the more desirable birds are unaffected.

FALSE, fake owls might work for about 5 minutes, then the pigeons are right back at the feeders. What I could never figure out is why people think they would scare pigeons away but not the all the other birds.

13. Mesh feeders work well for black oil sunflower and peanuts but aren’t a great choice for nyjer.

I had to let either answer go on this one, it is just my opinion, I wasn’t thinking of the half of one percent of people who like mesh nyjer feeders. The other 99.5% of you returned them for a better model. I would have answered TRUE, having seen all the seed that spoils in the nyjer mesh feeders.

14. New Brunswick eagles migrate south before our rivers freeze over.

FALSE, we have eagles year round, they frequent such fine dining locations as the Westmoreland Albert Solid Waste Commission, Cardwell Compost facility, as well as roadsides and farms serving up the best in carrion.

15. Pigeons aren’t able to eat nyjer from the proper feeder if you don’t use a tray. (so at least you can feed finch)

TRUE, it has to be the proper feeder though, some people are still feeding nyjer from feeders meant for sunflower. The openings should be just slightly larger than the fat end of a toothpick.

Multiple Choice:

1. Woodpeckers drum on your stove pipe at dawn because

a. they want you to fill the suet feeder.

b. they think you should be awake too.

c. they’re trying to attract a girlfriend.

“C” is the best answer, although some mornings I can’t help thinking it’s a little “ALL THE ABOVE”.

2. The best thing you can do to attract waxwings is

a. feed nyjer seed.

b. feed sunflower seed.

c. feed suet.

d. plant native fruit trees.

“D”, you could also feed fruit, but they don’t eat seed or suet.

3. Platform feeders attract

a. doves and jays.

b. goldfinch and chickadees.

c. cardinals and grosbeaks.

d. all the above.

“D”, all birds love a platform feeder, if it wasn’t for pigeons, rain and snow they would be the only feeder you’d need.

4. In New Brunswick, American Goldfinch

a. hibernate.

b. migrate.

c. stay all winter in a duller winter plumage.

d. both b and c.

“D”, some migrate, some stay, numbers vary from winter to winter but we usually have some Goldfinch in winter.

5. All the experts say hummingbird nectar should be

a. 1 part sugar: 2 parts water.

b. 1 part sugar: 1 part water.

c. 1 part sugar: 4 parts water.

“C” is the best answer, never stronger than 1:3 and with that only the first of the season.

6. Tree Swallows require houses

a. with at least 4 compartments.

b. placed 2 per pole.

c. placed about 100 feet apart.

“C”, Tree Swallows have a 100 foot territory, other nest boxes placed within the circle could be used by chickadee or bluebirds though.

7. A good way to attract more birds to your yard is to

a. use mixed seed.

b. use a variety of feeders with the proper seed in each feeder.

c. add a feature with moving water, like a fountain or dripper.

d. both b and c.

“D”, spreading out the feeders will allow more birds to eat in peace, Blue Jays want the peanuts so give them a feeder away from the small bird’s feeder. And, almost nothing with feathers can resist moving water.

8. A Blue Jays all time favourite food is

a. sunflower seeds. (they’ll do anything to get them)

b. millet. (they’ll do anything to get it)

c. corn. (they’ll do anything to get it)

d. peanuts in the shell. (they’ll do anything to get them)

“D”, if you answered “a” you haven’t tried peanuts in the shell yet. It’s the only feed they will actually come indoors for. Try a small bag, you don’t need anything special to feed them, just place them around where you can observe. You will want a feeder eventually to slow them down, peanuts are expensive and jays will work non-stop until they are all hidden away.

9. In the spring, birds repeatedly fly against your windows because

a. they want in your house.

b. they see their reflection and think it’s a competing bird.

c. Oprah’s on.

“B”, I think everyone got this right, it would be “c” if they were already in your house.

10. Suet can be fed year round if

a. the temperature stays below 10 degrees Celsius.

b. you don’t have any starlings at your feeders.

c. it’s double rendered.

d. both a and c.

“D”, would be the best answer but, where in the world does the temperature not get higher than 10 degrees? Are there birds there (besides penguins)? So “c” is a good answer too. I can’t really let “a” slide and definitely not “b”.

11. Suet could attract

a. woodpeckers

b. chickadee and jays.

c. warblers and orioles.

d. a and b.

e. all the above.

“E”, warblers and orioles have been known to partake, especially on cold spring mornings.

12. Unless you are going to feed continuously throughout the winter you should

a. take your feeders in so the birds will migrate.

b. hire a service to come by daily to fill your feeders.

c. feed when you can, in nature, when a source (i.e. flower or weed seeds) runs out, birds move around and find another.

“C”, is correct, “b” would be OK too but not necessary. Removing your feeders won’t force any bird to migrate, unless you consider jumping the fence to your neighbours yard migrating.

13. If you want to get started birding you should have

a. expensive binoculars, a spotting scope with tripod, digital camera, several field guides and bird songs recordings.

b. a reasonable pair of binoculars and a good field guide.

c. a spouse who is into birding or doesn’t care if you’re never home.

d. both b and c.

“D” is the best answer but so many of you single (and oblivious married) people answered “b”, I’ll let either go.

14. A good field guide should

a. fit in your pocket.

b. list similar species together.

c. have arrows to quickly point out the differences between species.

d. all the above.

“D” everyone got this right. I guess it was too easy.

15. To attract more hummingbirds you should

a. place several feeders that are not in sight of each other.

b. buy really big feeders with enough ports so everyone can feed together.

c. choose a variety of plants so you will have blooms throughout the season.

d. both a and c.

e. both b and c.

“D”, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds fight non stop, it doesn’t matter if there are enough feeder ports to go around, one guy will want them all for himself. It’s best to have several feeders spread around and you can never go wrong with flowers.

Cleaning Feeders

Everybody has a different opinion when it comes to cleaning bird feeders. I’ve read that feeders should be cleaned every 3 weeks, every month, I have a customer who scrubs and disinfects the tube feeders every time they’re refilled. When people ask me when they should clean their feeders I tell them, “When they’re dirty.” I’m not trying to be funny, why clean your feeder if it isn’t dirty? Some feeders need to be cleaned more often, certain designs either catch bird droppings or allow the seed to get wet. So check the feeder for droppings, especially where the birds will be eating. It’s also a good idea to dump out the remaining seed before you refill, you can dump it on the ground for sparrows and doves or if you’re trying to keep your pigeons to a minimum, dump it into a bucket and make sure it is clean, dry and not clumping. Before refilling the feeder, inspect it for the dust and dirt, clumped seed and poop. You may be able to dump this out if you check at every refill and you’ll lengthen the time between major cleanings.

If things are looking and or smelling a little off, now is the time to break out the brushes and bleach. Remember though that bleach doesn’t disinfect in the presence of organic matter so you have to get all the junk out with soap and water first, then soak feeders in a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution.

The type of seed also makes a big difference in the length of time between major cleanings. Seed mixes, especially those containing cracked corn will have to be cleaned more often, cracked corn goes to mush in wet and humid weather and the uneaten portions of the mixes will eventually spoil.

All the way to the other end of the price list is hulled sunflower, but it too fouls up the feeders in a hurry, same reason as the cracked corn, the waterproofing is removed. I think feeding hulled sunflower in extra large or poorly designed feeders is a waste of money. My favourite feeder for hulled sunflower is the Aspects medium tube, it’s not too big, has a great seed deflector on the bottom to keep the seed flowing toward the holes, is very waterproof and has a quick release base for easy cleaning. (And a lifetime warranty.)

Feeders with the quick release base will go longer between major cleanings if you remove the base every time you refill and wipe out the dust before it turns to goo. You can do it with one hand, even when you’re wearing gloves.

There is lots of advice and information on cleaning bird feeders, less however on cleaning the ground under them. The feeders I use don’t get very dirty at all, but the ground sure does. Since I don’t use trays, the hulls and poop go to the ground under the feeders. For the most part the lawn mower bagger takes care of the mess in the summer and the snow blower does a great job in winter but there is still some mess left behind.

One of the reasons people tell me they feed mixed seed is to give the ground feeders something to eat when it gets tossed out. The problem with this is, unless you mix your own seed, there is likely to be junk filler in the mix that nothing eats. This waste lays under your feeder mixing with the bird poop, breeding all sorts of microorganisms. I think it’s more hygienic to feed the ground feeding birds in a separate area where they aren’t eating off the mess or being poop bombed from above. You can also control the amount of seed, making sure there isn’t too much or too little.

Be careful when cleaning under bird feeders, the danger isn’t from touching the stuff it comes from inhaling airborne spores. It’s very rare to get sick, but it could happen. It may be as simple as not raking when the droppings are very dry and be conscious of which way the wind is blowing, keep up wind from the dust. Even on the lawn mower, it comes second nature to me to blow the junk with the wind; growing up we cut 5 acres of lawn so I spent most of my teen years on a tractor lawn mower. We also had an almost 200 pound Newfoundland dog, when the you hit one of his old dried out bowel movements, it was like hitting a white ant hill. You soon learned to blow the grass with the wind when you were cutting over his favourite place.

Be careful too if you’re brushing out any of you feeders with a dry brush, don’t do it indoors and stay up wind.

More than a decade ago there was a huge invasion of Common Redpoll, a small percentage of these birds were being found sick around feeders stations. A warning went out to disinfect all bird feeders, I suggested to also move the feeders to a new area but was told by the experts, that wouldn’t make any difference. I still disagree, what would be a greater danger of transmitting disease, the inside of a nyjer tube that has never contacted a bird and it’s droppings or the ground beneath where hundreds of birds have been eating and pooping? What could be easier? When you hang it back out, put it on a different branch. I do it all the time and there is little mess and no dead grass under the feeders. On the iron hangers, I move them closer to the house for winter, but throughout the year I rotate around the yard, leaving one or two stations empty for a while, I have lots of feeders and it’s easier than moving the post.

When I feed on the ground, I change the location every time I scatter seed.

I often suggest feeding millet within a brush pile to keep pigeons away. A brush pile is a sparrow magnet by itself, but scatter millet inside it and they go wild. The problem with a brush pile though, you can’t always tell how funky things are getting inside and it’s not easy to move to a new location...or is it, I making one now that is portable. I started with a frame 2 feet by 4 feet for the bottom and nailed thicker twigs to make a pup tent like structure over it, then nail smaller branches from the bottom to the top cross piece. If none of the openings are over 2 ¾ inches, the pigeons won’t be able to get inside. With everything securely attached, you can drag it to a new location periodically. Since it has to be a little smaller than some brush piles you may want to feed on a ground tray to keep the seed in the middle, this way pigeons won’t be able to reach the seed from the outside. You may want to make one or two of the twigs removable so you can access the seed.

Last week’s quiz was the most fun I’ve had for a long time, I issued a challenge to New Brunswick naturalists and I proud to say that you readers are ahead of them by about 15%. As of Wednesday, there still hasn’t been anyone with a 100% score, (although one person did come close, the judges ruled that the answers to true and false questions shouldn’t be ambiguous.) If you haven’t done it yet you can find the quiz on line at timestranscript.com or there’s a direct link to the quiz (and my ribbing of the naturalist community) at twitter.com/thebirdgarden or e-mail me and I’ll send it to you.

I wish I knew how to do one of those “answer on line quizzes”, I don’t, but many of you showed me that you could paste it into an email, answer it then send it to me. If you didn’t get 100%, you may try again and I’ll enter each quiz in the draw, so the more times you try, the better odds at the draw. You’ll see that I’ve offered an additional $20 gift card to the first (clear) perfect score and you’ll likely be alone in that category so you could get $40 and believe me, bragging rights.

I’ll take entries up to midnight October 1, as the answers and explanations will be in the next days paper. I’ll announce the winners in the October 9 column. Who knows, maybe we can get a picture of the winners with those giant novelty cheques.

Quiz

Did I mention there was going to be a quiz?

100% - Grandmaster, I’d like to shake your hand.

85-99% - You should consider making this a career.

60-84% - You should send me your resume.

Under 25% - Maybe a career as a weather person where this would be considered a high score.

True or False:

1. If you want to attract small birds you should feed small seed. _____

2. It takes 36 hours in your birdbath for mosquito eggs can hatch into adults. _____

3. Great-crested Flycatchers, Blue Jays, and Hairy Woodpeckers all use the same size bird house. _____

4. 7x50 binoculars are 15 times more powerful than 7x35. _____

5. Chickadee, nuthatch, jays, woodpeckers and blackbirds are attracted to peanuts. ____

6. A Bald Eagle is bigger than a Golden Eagle. ____

7. It’s impossible to keep squirrels off your feeders. _____

8. A nesting colony of Chimney Swifts may have 20 nests or more per chimney. _____

9. To save money, mix white millet in with the nyjer seed, finch love it and it won’t attract pigeons. _____

10. Hummingbird nectar has to be dyed red. _____

11. When it’s time for hummingbirds to migrate south, they pick a day when conditions are right and fly nonstop to South America._____

12. Plastic owls will scare pigeons away from feeders but the more desirable birds are unaffected.

13. Mesh feeders work well for black oil sunflower and peanuts but aren’t a great choice for nyjer. ____

14. New Brunswick eagles migrate south before our rivers freeze over. _____

15. Pigeons aren’t able to eat nyjer from the proper feeder if you don’t use a tray. (so at least you can feed finch) ____

Multiple Choice:

1. Woodpeckers drum on your stove pipe at dawn because

a. they want you to fill the suet feeder.

b. they think you should be awake too.

c. they’re trying to attract a girlfriend.

2. The best thing you can do to attract waxwings is

a. feed nyjer seed.

b. feed sunflower seed.

c. feed suet.

d. plant native fruit trees.

3. Platform feeders attract

a. doves and jays.

b. goldfinch and chickadees.

c. cardinals and grosbeaks.

d. all the above.

4. In New Brunswick, American Goldfinch

a. hibernate.

b. migrate.

c. stay all winter in a duller winter plumage.

d. both b and c.

5. All the experts say hummingbird nectar should be

a. 1 part sugar: 2 parts water.

b. 1 part sugar: 1 part water.

c. 1 part sugar: 4 parts water.

6. Tree Swallows require houses

a. with at least 4 compartments.

b. placed 2 per pole.

c. placed about 100 feet apart.

7. A good way to attract more birds to your yard is to

a. use mixed seed.

b. use a variety of feeders with the proper seed in each feeder.

c. add a feature with moving water, like a fountain or dripper.

d. both b and c.

8. A Blue Jays all time favourite food is

a. sunflower seeds. (they’ll do anything to get them)

b. millet. (they’ll do anything to get it)

c. corn. (they’ll do anything to get it)

d. peanuts in the shell. (they’ll do anything to get them)

9. In the spring, birds repeatedly fly against your windows because

a. they want in your house.

b. they see their reflection and think it’s a competing bird.

c. Oprah’s on.

10. Suet can be fed year round if

a. the temperature stays below 10 degrees Celsius.

b. you don’t have any starlings at your feeders.

c. it’s double rendered.

d. both a and c.

11. Suet could attract

a. woodpeckers

b. chickadee and jays.

c. warblers and orioles.

d. a and b.

e. all the above.

12. Unless you are going to feed continuously throughout the winter you should

a. take your feeders in so the birds will migrate.

b. hire a service to come by daily to fill your feeders.

c. feed when you can, in nature, when a source (i.e. flower or weed seeds) runs out, birds move around and find another.

13. If you want to get started birding you should have

a. expensive binoculars, a spotting scope with tripod, digital camera, several field guides and bird songs recordings.

b. a reasonable pair of binoculars and a good field guide.

c. a spouse who is into birding or doesn’t care if you’re never home.

d. both b and c.

14. A good field guide should

a. fit in your pocket.

b. list similar species together.

c. have arrows to quickly point out the differences between species.

d. all the above.

15. To attract more hummingbirds you should

a. place several feeders that are not in sight of each other.

b. buy really big feeders with enough ports so everyone can feed together.

c. choose a variety of plants so you will have blooms throughout the season.

d. both a and c.

e. both b and c.

You can find me on Twitter, each Saturday I tweet the link to the Birdman column in the Times and Transcript online. Go to twitter.com/thebirdgarden for all things birdy.

Outdoor Cats

When you write a weekly bird column you eventually have to come around to the topic of outdoor cats. It’s a very touchy subject that pretty much divides the population. I admit the disappearance of a favourite cat was the initial reason we had for keeping our cats indoors, we searched for weeks, my wife would get up in the middle of the night to call and rattle the food container in an attempt to lure the cat home. Even years later when we saw a similar looking cat we would stop and check it out.

The fact is though when you let your cats outside they are going to be injured or killed, it’s not a matter of if, it’s a matter of when.

A few months after we lost Bob our new cat escaped from the house. I made posters and offered a $50 reward, people thought I was nuts, “50 bucks for a cat?” For me it was simple economics, if we didn’t get Marble back, I’d have to get my wife another cat. Then I’d be looking at 3 vaccinations at $50 bucks a shot, the neutering at $150 and the sleepless nights that my wife jumps out of bed every time a mouse scratches in the walls, oh yes, and I’d miss the cat.

Indoor cats live longer healthier lives and in my experience make better pets. Marble is 18 years old now, his house mate was also 18 when she died.

Outdoor cats face many dangers, cars, disease, poison, people, dogs, coyotes, fleas, ticks and mites. They say the number one disease in outdoor cats is abscesses caused by a bite from another cat. I can only guess what that costs today to be treated, anesthesia, surgery (although minor still costly), and drugs. Most of these problems are eliminated or at least greatly lessened by simply keeping your cat indoors.

An added bonus, if everyone was to keep cats in, the second biggest cause of the decline of bird populations (next to habitat loss) would be gone.

Cats will kill anything they can regardless of need; healthy well fed cats kill more than under nourished ones.

I’ve had people tell me that it’s “just nature”, it may be in a cats nature to kill, but they aren’t a native species so our birds haven’t evolved in ways to defend themselves.

I’ve also had countless people stop by to tell me they don’t feed birds because their cat goes outside and they aren’t going to feed birds only to watch their cat kill them. The old out of site, out of mind defense, just because you don’t see them, they’re still killing birds.

One of the reasons I chose to write about cats was, Sunday when my son came home from riding lessons he was toting a new kitten that was dumped off at the stable. This guy is extremely happy to stay inside, even shying away from outside doors. I can only imagine the terrors he faced in the couple weeks he was abandoned. We’ve also rescued adult cats that were formerly used to going outdoors, every one of them has been content to stay inside and watch the bird feeders from the comfort and safety of the window sills. So it can be done, of course the cat is going to cry at the door for a day or two, that’s what they did when they wanted out.

There are a few companies that specialize in outdoor cat enclosures, these are accessed from a window or pet door and cats can come and go as they wish. We chose to build a screened in sun room so we can enjoy it with them, when cats want out they meow at that door now, they spend 3 seasons in the sun room and 1 in front of the wood stove.

Enough of the lecture on cats.

Coming up on October 10 is the 16^th annual Big Sit, this “listing” event may be right up your alley. You create 17 foot diameter circle, sit inside and count all the birds you see and hear for 24 hours. Sounds good to me, choose a circle you don’t have to walk to, the mosquitoes should be scarce, maybe I could even work on some bird houses on the quiet times. The big downfall for me is the whole 24 hour thing, but the organizers have that covered too, you have teams, so all I need is someone who can stay awake past 9 p.m. to listen for owls.

The Big Sit makes a great fundraiser for clubs, you can get sponsors for a few cents per species. You don’t have to tally any rare species, counting the common birds on this day during fall migration will, over years, show trends and identify declining or increasing populations.

It could be argued that events like the Big Sit are more friendly to the environment than other bird-a-thon events like a Big Day or the World Series of Birding that have birders driving here, there and everywhere in search of another species. It’s likely easier on the birds too, that’s my reasoning, as a lazy birder, and I’m sticking to it.

In closing, I’d like to share with you how my week started--my son comes down stairs Sunday morning (the same day the new cat arrived, I should have stayed in bed and not answered the phone) while I’m reading up on Big Sits and I say, “Hey Buddy, you want to do a Big Sit?”

He says, “Just did one upstairs.”

“No, I said, ‘sit’ Son, a Big ‘Sit’.”